CNC machining is a manufacturing process which uses programmed codes to dictate the working of different types of machines and tools. This process is used to control the operation of a wide variety of machines ranging from drills and saws to welders and routers. CNC stands for Computer Numeric Control and it is used to differentiate between machines that are operated manually and those that run on a controller. This technology was introduced in the 1940’s to program the movements of different machines and to increase their efficiency. As technology advanced with time, the demand for CNC machining also increased rapidly and in general revolutionised the machining processes.
What are CNC machines and how do they work?
CNC machines are basically automated devices that manipulate machine shop tools by using different programmed inputs. At a first glance, a CNC system may resemble an ordinary computer system but its software is highly advanced and supersedes the limitations of manual machines. A set of detailed instructions are entered in the machines in the form of computer codes. The language used for the programming in these machines is referred to as G-code and it controls the various behaviours of a particular machine like its speed and coordination.
Types of CNC machines:
CNC machines come in different shapes and sizes and are used for versatile purposes. Some of the most popularly used machines are:
- Lathes
In lathe machines, CNC technology is used to cut pieces in circular directions using indexable tools. These CNC lathes are used for the production of complex designs that are highly impossible to create with manually operated machines.
- Plasma cutters
In plasma cutters, a plasma torch is used for cutting different kinds of materials like steel and other metals. Plasma is generated by the usage of compressed gasses which are blown out of a nozzle at a high speed.
- Water jet cutters
Water jet cutters or water-jets are machines which are capable of slicing into metals and other materials like granite by the application of high pressure water. This method is more preferable when the materials that are being cut are sensitive to high temperatures generated by other machines.
- Mills
Mills are the most commonly used CNC machines and they are used for different purposes like drilling, tapping and shoulder milling.
Advantages of CNC Machining:
- CNC machines are more precise when compared to manual machines and give more precisely accurate results.
- They provide a lot of flexibility, improved automation and great computational ability.
- CNC machines have high endurance levels and can work non-stop with occasional need of providing raw materials and input. The machines are designed in such that they automatically pick up new work immediately one after the other thus minimising the need of supervision.
- They are also way faster than ordinary machines and have impressive rates of production.
- Moreover, they require less labour and little maintenance hence lowering the cost of production.
CNC machines are comparatively more efficient than conventional ones and since they provide plenty of advantages, they are used in numerous industries like agriculture, aerospace, construction, transportation etc.
